The Scrum framework is based on empiricism and lean thinking. Empiricism refers to the knowledge that comes from experience. Empiricism has a critical role in decision making in Scrum framework. The following activities in a Scrum are based on empiricism:

1. Deciding the Sprint Backlogs in a Sprint by the Developers
2. Ordering Product Backlogs by the Product Manager. The calculation of effort in accomplishing a Product Backlog is based on empiricism.
3. Product Backlog refinement
4. Calculation of Story Points

Scrum framework is also based on lean thinking. Lean Thinking is a method, and it was originated in Japan. Lean Thinking is people centric and indulges continuous improvement of the product. The goal of Lean Thinking method is to maximize the value of a product via a process that has no waste. This increases the efficiency of the process and eliminates what does the user not need. In this process, the flow of the value must be continuous and there should not be any blockers, overuse and underuse of resources. The continuous improvement leads to the development of a perfect product. The following article explains different methods to identify waste of the value chain:

The Seven Wastes of Lean Manufacturing | EKU Online